edayevC¢> Lim Lian Arn RKUeBTüpþl;RbwkSa
EpñkCMnajvHkat;q¥wg
CMgWrlaksnøak;q¥wgCgÁg;ekItmanelImnusSeBjv½y
cMnYnbInak;kñúgcMeNam   10  nak;   EdlkñúgenaHman
mnusSeBjv½ycMnYn   15° RtUvRbQmeTAnwgkareFVI
skmµPaBnanaRbkbedayEdnkMNt;   edaysarkar

ekItmanCMgWrlaksnøak;q¥wgenH.

CMgWrlaksnøak;q¥wgCgÁg;bNþal[mankarQWCgÁg; ehImCgÁg; xUcRTg;RTayCgÁg; nigmin
GaceFVIskmµPaBrs;enARbcaMéf¶CaFmµta)an . CaFmµtadMbUgevC¢bNÐitRKb;RKgCMgWrlak
snøak;q¥wgCgÁg; edayeRbIbec©keTsminvHkat;  dUcCakar    eRbIR)as;»sfRbqaMgnwgkar
rlak karcak;fñaMcUleTAkñúgCgÁg; karBüa)aledayclna nigkarGb b¤rMukarBarCgÁg;.
sRmab;GñkCMgWmñak;kñúgcMeNamGñkCMgW  10  nak;  k areRbIR)as;bec©keTsenHKWminRKb;
RKan;kñúgkarkat;bnßyeraKsBaØa  [mkenARtwmkMritmYyGacTTYlyk)anenaHeT ehIy
BYkeKcaM)ac;RtUvTTYlkarvHkat;edIm,ICadMeNaHRsaymYy sRmab;ry ³eBlEvg.














GñkCMgWmankarP½yxøacfa   karvHkat;nwgkan;EteFVI[BYkeKmansßanPaBkan;EtF¶n;F¶r
eLIgCagBImun BIeRBaHkarCasHes,Iymanry ³eBlEvg nigmankarQWcab;GacbnSl;
Tuk[BYkeKnUvsñamGaRkk;d¾FM.

edIm,IbM)at;karP½yxøacEbbenH  evC¢bNÐit)anbegáItnUvviFIsa®sþ énkarvHkat;eday
mansñamvHkan;EttUc EdlCa sHes,Iyrh½s nig)anl¥Cagmun.

karvHkat;tUcbMputepSg²Kña  GaceFVIeLIgenA mnÞIreBTü Raffles  sRmab;Gñk CMgW
rlaksnøak;q¥wg edayGaRs½yeTAtam Gayurbs;GñkCMgW nig PaBF¶n;F¶rénCMgWrlak
snøak;q¥wgenH.

karftqøúHsnøak;q¥wgCgÁg;

karftqøúHsnøak;q¥wgCgÁg; KWTak;TineTAnwgkarbBa©ÚlnUv]bkrN_nigm:asIunftsnøak;
q¥wg tamrn§vHcUlRbEvg 6 m>m eTAkñúgCgÁg; . ]bkrN_TaMgenH Gac[RKUeBTüvHkat;
BinitüemIleTAkñúgCgÁg; sM GatEpñksnøak;CgÁg;Edlrlak  CYsCul q¥wgx©IEdldac;
tRmwm nigykq¥wgx©IEdlxUcxatecjnigGacCYsCuleLIgvijnUvsrésBYrCgÁg;Edl
dac;pgEdr.

karvHkat;  enHKWTTYl)aneCaKC½ybMputcMeBaH   GñkCMgWrlaksnøak;q¥wgRsal².
eRkaykarvHkat;rYc   GñkCMgWGacecjBImnÞIreBTüPøamehIyCaTUeTAry³eBlCasH
es,Iyk¾qab;  EdlGnuBaØat[GñkCMgWGacRtLb;  eTAeFVIkargartamFmµtavij Et
kñúgrvagb:unµanéf¶b:ueNÑaH.

karvHkat;q¥wgsµgeCIg

karvHkat;q¥wgsµgeCIgKWCakarvHkat;mYyEdlTak;TineTAnwgkartMrg;q¥wgeCIgEkk
ecj b¤CgÁg;EkkcUl edaymincaM)ac; pøas;bþÚrsnøak;q¥wgCgÁg;.  bc©úb,nñ  viFIsa
®sþvHkat;EbbenHmankareBjniymkan;EtxøaMgeLIgBIeRBaHbec©keTsfµIenHGac
CYy[karvHkan;EttUc nigkan;Etqab;CasHes,IybMput  .   bc©úb,nñenH GñkCMgW
EdlTTYlkarvHkat;EbbenHGacdak;eCIgEdlvHkat;rbs;xøÜnRTTMgn;)ankñúgrvag
EtBIr b¤bIéf¶  bnÞab;BIvHkat;b:ueNÑaH   EdlBImunRtUvrg;caMy:agticbMputBIbYneTA
R)aMmYys)þah_. karvHkat;  q¥wgsµgeCIgTTYl)ankarcab;GarmµN_xøaMgBIGñkCMgW
v½yekµgEdlmanCMgWrlaksnøak;q¥wg BIeRBaH KµankarbþÚrsnøak;CgÁg;  ehIyBMucaM
)ac;mankarRBYy)armÖ GMBIkarbMBak; nUv]bkrN_CMnYyEdlmanGayukalxøI enA
kñúgCgÁg; eLIy.

karvHkat;sMrYlkarlUtlas;CafµI nigbþÚrnUvq¥wgx©I

sRmab;GñkCMgWxUcq¥wgx©I   evC¢bNÐitGaceFVIkarvHkat; EdlGacsMrYl[mankar
lUtlas;CafµInUvq¥wgx©I dUcCa karvHbMEbk q¥wgtUcl¥it  karbþÚrq¥wgx©IenAkñúgCgÁg;
EtmYydUcCa karvHkat;EklMG b¤karbNþúH nig karbnSaMq¥wgx©I. karbNþúHnigkar
bnSaMq¥wgx©I GacGnuBaØat[mankarkat;ecjnUvEpñktUcmYyénq¥wgx©IedIm,IbNþúH
dac;EtÉgenAkñúgbnÞb;BiesaFn_ bnÞab;  BI)anBIrbIs)þah_eRkaymkeTIbbBa©Úl
eTAkñúgCgÁg;vij . eTaHbICaviFIsa®sþenHRtUvkarry³eBlCasHes,Iy nig sþar
sm,TaEvgk¾eday  k¾vaCaviFImYyEdlpþl;[GñkCMgWnUv»kaskñúgkarrkSa)an
nUvq¥wgx©IFmµtadUcedImpgEdr.

karbþÚrCgÁg;

karvHkat;bþÚrCgÁg;  KWCaviFId¾manRbsiT§PaBbMputkñúgkarsMralkarQWcab;rbs;
GñkCMgWrlaksnøak;q¥wgCgÁg;F¶n;F¶rCaeRcIn nak; . bc©úb,nñenHCamYynwgbec©k
eTsnigbrikçarCMnYyCgÁg;kan;EtfµI   evC¢bNÐitGacbþÚrsnøak;CgÁg; edaykarvH
kat; kan;EttUckñúgRbEvg 10 eTA 13 s>m. karvHkat;cUlkan;EttUc mann½y
famankarrMxandl;Calikakan;Ettic EdlCaehtueFVI[gayqab;CasHes,Iy  
RBmTaMgCasHes,Iykan;EteBjelj nig mankarQWcab;kan;Ettic. brikçar
CMnYyfµIna  eBlbc©úb,nñ k¾mann½ypgEdrfa  GñkCMgWman»kaskan;EtRbesI 
kñúgkarTTYl)anmkvijnUvsmtßPaBGaclutCgÁg; nig  GgÁúyecagehag)an
bnÞab;BIvHkat;bþÚrCgÁg;.

evC¢> Lim Lian Arn   KWCaRKUeBTüCMnajvHkat;q¥wgenA  mnÞIreBTü  Raffles Rb
eTssigðbUrI.  elakmancMNab;GarmµN_CaBiess  elIkarvHkat;CYsCulq¥wg
mnusSeBjv½ynigkarvHkat;tUcbMput. elakTTYl)ansBaØabR½tEpñkvHkat;
kMriteRkay]tþmsikSaBImhaviTüal½y Royal College of Surgeons énRkug
Glasgow. elakk¾)anTTYlkarbNþúHbNþal  CasmaCik RkumRKUeBTüCMna
jvHkat;enAKøInik  Mayo Rkug Rochester  shrdæGaemrik    EdlenATIenaH
elakepþateTAelIbec©keTsCYsCulsnøak; CaBiesselIEpñkvHkat;bþÚrq¥wg
CgÁg; nigRtKak kMritmYy nigkMritBIr.